Islam me jin cheezon par zakaat farz hai unka khulaasa neeche ho raha hai,
1- SONA, CHANDI AUR NAGADI (GOLD, SILVER, CASH)
Sone chandi me zakaat farz hai, ba’sharte ke inki miqdaar muqarrar nisaab ke baraar ya usse zyada hon, aur uski milkiyat par ek saal guzar chuka ho,
yaad rahe sone ka nisaab 85 gms, jabke chandi ka nisaab 595 gms. hai,
agar sona 85 gms se aur chandi 595 gms se kam ho toh zakaat farz nahi hogi,
aur agar ye donon apne muqarrar wazan(weight) ke baraabar ya usse zyadah to hon lekin un par saal na guzra ho toh bhi zakaat farz nahi hogi,
mazkoorah dono sharten agar maujood hon toh sone chandi ki zakaat Nikaalne ka tareeqa ye hai ke
” sabse pahle unka wazan dekh liya jaaye, phir market ke maujoodah rate(price) ke mutabik us wazan ki qeemat malum kar len, phir uska 2.5% ya 40wa hissa zakaat ki nisbat se ada karen”
MASLA-1
Kisi shakhs ke paas saal ke shuru me sone/chandi ka poora nisaab maujood tha, lekin saal poora hone se pahle pahle wah usme se kuch miqdaar ko bech(sale) kar kharch kar leta hai, aur yun unka wazan nisaab se kam ho jaata hai toh uspar zakaat farz nahi hogi,
aur agar in saal me sona chandi khareedne ki wajah se unka wazan nisaab se zyaadah ho jaata hai to zakaat ki adaayegi ke waqt baad me khareede gaye sona/chandi ka wazan bhi shamil karna hoga….
MASLA-2
Sona/chandi chaahe dhele(biscuits, coins) ki shakl me ho ya zeweraat(jewellary) ki shakal me, donon soorat me zakaat farz hogi,
hadith me aata hai ke ek aurat,
rasoollullah sallalaho alaihi wasallam(pbuh) ke paas aayi, Uski beti ke haath me do kangan they, aap rasoollullah sallalaho alaihi wasallam(pbuh) ne poocha:- kiya tumne unki zakaat deti ho ? Usne kaha nahi, to aap rasoollullah sallalaho alaihi wasallam(pbuh) ne farmaya:-” kya tumhe ye baat pasand hai ke qayamat ke din allah taala tumhen un dono(kangan) ke badle aag ke kangan pahnaaye? Toh usne kangan unhi zameen par phenk diya aur kaha-” ye dono allah aur uske rasool ke liye hain ”
(abu dawood, nisaai, ba sanad sahih)
MASLA-3
paper currency chaahe, riyaal ho ya dinaar, ruppee ho ya dollar……. Wah bhi sone chandi ke huqm me aati hai,
lihaaza jis shakhs ke paas sone/chandi ke nisaab ke qeemat ke baraabar ya usse zyada currency maujood ho aur us par saal ghuzar chuka ho to usme ZAKAAT farz hogi..
Aur uski adaayegi ka tareeqa ye hoga ke:-” saal ke aakhir me jab zakaat ada karni ho to us waqt dekh liya jaaye ke 85gm sone ki qeemat kitni hai, phir jitni Currency saal bhar rahe ho wah bhi dekh li jaaye, agar wah 85gm sone ki keemat ke baraabar ya usse zyadah ho to uska 2.5% ya 40wa hissa ba’taur zakaat ada karen….
MASLA-4
Ek shakhs ke paas saal ke shuru me to paper currency , sone/chandi, ke nisaab ke baraabar thi, lekin dauraan saal me usme aur izaafa(increment) hota raha toh saal ke aakhir me jitni currency maujood ho sab ki sab shamil karke ” TOTAL” ka 2.5% ba’taur zakaat ada karen,
jo raqam dauran e saal aayi thi unki zakaat peshgi ada ho jaayegi…
MASLA-5
Tankhwaah daar insaan (salaried person) apni mahaana bachat (monthly saving) ki zakaat kis tarah ada karega ??
Iski do sooratein hain, ek to yeh ke har maah itni bachat hoti hai ke wah sone/chandi ke nisaab ki qeemat ke baraabar hai toh us soorat me har maah ki bachi hui tankhwaah par jaise jaise saal poora hota jaaye uski zakaat nikaalta jaaye,
aur agar pahle maah ki zakaat ada karte Waqt baqi 11 maah ki zakaat bhi peshgi(advance) ada karna chaahe toh bhi durust hoga,
aur dusri soorat ye hai ke har maah ki bachat nisaab ke baraabar nahi, albatta do teen maah ki bachat ko mila liya jaaye to wah nisaab zakaat ke baraabar ho jaati hai, to is soorat me saal ke akhtimam par uske paas jitni bachat maujood ho uska 2.5% ba’taur zakaat ada kare
MASLA-6
Heeron (diamonds) aur jewellery par zakaat farz nahi hai, elawa ke unse tijaarat(business) kiya ja raha ho, to is soorat me deegar tijaarati saamaan ke saath unki zakaat bhi ada karni hogi…
MASLA-7
Qarz ki zakaat
iski do sooratein hain,
ek toh yah ke maqrooz qarzedaar hain aur use jald ya bareed waapas karne ki taaqat bhi rakhta hai,
ya karzedaar toh qarze se inkaari ho lekin adaalat me case karke usse karza waapas lene ka yaqeen ho,
is soorat me qarz ki raqam ki zakaat ada karni hogi,
aur uska tareeqa ye hai ke:-” saal ke Akhtimam par jab maujooda maal ka hisaab kiya ja raha ho toh uske saath qarz ki raqam ko bhi shaamil kar liye jaaye, aur total ka 2.5% ba’taur zakaat ada kar diya jaaye,
aur dusri soorat ye hai ke:-” maqrooz(karzdaar) karz dene se inkaari ho aur adaalat me case zariye se bhi na milne ka imkaan bhi na ho,
ya wah qarze ko tasleem toh karta ho lekin har aaye din waapsi ka waada karke waada khilaafi karta ho, ya uske haalaat hi aise hon ke wah qarza wapas karne ki taaqat hi nahi rakhta ho toh aisi soorat me qarz ki raqam par zakaat farz nahi hogi,
haan agar karzdaar karza wapas kar de toh guzashta ek saal ki zakaat ada kar di jaaye…
MASLA-8
Ek shakhs ke paas zakaat ka nisaab toh maujood hai, chaahe sona, chandi, ki shakl me ya kisi aur shakl me, lekin wah khud dusron ka karzdaar hai, aur agar zakaat ada karta hai toh mazeed bojh tale dab jaane ka andesha hai, toh aisi soorat me us par zakaat farz Nahi hogi, haan agar qarz ki adaayegi ke baad bhi uske paas zakaat ke nisaab ke baraabar maal maujood hai aur uspar saal ghuzar chuka hai to uska 2.5% zakaat ki niyat se ada karna zaroori hai…
MASLA-9
Company ki hisson (shares) agar tijaarati maqsad se khareede gaye hain aur unpar saal guzar chuka hai toh un ki zakaat ada karna laazmi hoga,
agar khud company tamaam partners ke hisson ki zakaat ada karti hai toh theek hai, warna har partner apne apne hisson ki zakaat ada karne ka paband hai…
MASLA-10
Zakaat pure sone/chandi par farz hoti hai, lihaaza milaawat ko wazan karne me shumaar nahi kiya jaayega,
is tarah agar milaawat ka wazan nikaal kar khaalis sone, chandi ka wazan muqarrar nisaab se kam hojata hai toh us par zakaat farz nahi hogi…
2- TIJAARATI SAMAAN (BUSINESS ASSTS)
Dusri cheez jis par zakaat farz hoti hai ” tijaarati saamaan” aur usse muraad wah tamaam cheez hain jinhe Tijaarat ki niyyat se khareeda jaaye, chaahe makaami market se ya baaher se bar’amad kar ke, isi tarah wah tamaam cheezen is huqm se nikal jaati hain jinhen kisi ne apne zaati(personal) istemal ke liye khareeda ho, maslan ghar, gaadi(vehicle), aur zameen wagerah
toh aise ashyaar par zakaat nahi, aur isi tarah sana’ati machinery, stores aur unme padi almirah, dafatar par bhi zakaat farz nahi ,
kyonki aisi tamaam cheezen ek jagah par baqaraar rahti hain aur unhe bech kar tijarat karna maqsood nahi hota…
BUSINESS ASSTS PAR ZAKAAT NIKAALNE KA TAREEQA:
Saal ke aakhir me taajir (firm ho ya company) ko chahiye ke wah apne tamaam tijaarat saamaan ki market ke maujooda rate ke mutabik qeemat lagaaye, phir uske paas saal bhar jo nagadi(cash) currency rahi ho use isme shaamil kar len, isi tarah uska jo qarza waapsi ho use bhi hisaab me shaamil kiya jaaye, aur agar wah khud qarzedaar ho toh qarze ki Raqam nikaal kar baaqi tamaam raqam ka 2.5% ya 40wa hissa ba’taur zakaat ada kare….
MASLA-
sana’ati aalaat aur machinery ki asal qeemat par zakaat nahi, albatta unki aamdani agar zakaat ke nisaab ko pahunch jaaye aur us par saal bhar guzar jaaye to usse zakaat nikaalna zaroori hoga, aur yahi huqm kiraaye (rent) par diye gaye makaan(house), dukaan(shops) aur gaadion(vehicles) wagerah ka hai ke unki asal qeemat par zakaat nahi, kiraaye par hogi…
Ba’sharte ke ye nisaab ko pahunch jaaye aur us par saal bhar guzar jaaye to uska 2.5% ada karna hoga, albatta in ashyaar par ada kiya kiye jaane waala TAX aur unki dekh bhaal par aane waale deegar akhraajaat in cheezon ki aamdani se nikaal liye jaayen, aur is tarah agar malik ka ko zariya ma’aash nahi toh wah apne biwi ,bacchon ke jaayez akhraajaat bhi aamdani se nikaal le, phir jo raqam baaqi ho usse zakaat ada kare….
HAIWAANAAT (LIVESTOCK)
Jin Maweshion(pet animals) par zakaat farz hai wah ye hain,
oont(camel), gaaye(cow), bhains(buffalo), aur bhedh(sheep), bakri (goats)
rasoollullah sallalaho alaihi wasallam(pbuh) ka farmaan hai:-” jis shakhs ke paas, oont ya gaaye, ya bakriyan hain aur usne inki zakaat ada nahi ki to qayamat ke din unhe bahut bada aur mota karke laaya jaayega, phir wah use apne taapon se raundenge aur apne seengon se maarenge, jab sab uske upar se guzar jayenge toh pahle ko phir lautaaya jaayega, aur logon ka faisla hone tak uske saath aisa hi hota rahega”
(bukhari)
maweshion me zakaat ki farziyat ke liye 4 sharten hain:
ek ye ke wah apne muqarrar nisaab ko pahunch jaayen, yaad rahe ke oont ka kam se kam nisaab 5, gaaye/bhains ka 3, aur bhedh bakriyon ka 40 hai…
Dusri shart ye hai ke unki milkiyat par saal guzar jaaye
teesra ye ke saal ka aksar hissa ye maweshi charti rahe hon aur malik ko saal bhar ka beshtar Hissa unki khuraak khareedna na padi ho,
aur chauthi shart ye hai ke ye jaanwar kheti baadi ya bojh uthaane ke liye na hon, aur yahan ye baat mad’denazar rahni chahiye ke maweshion ko agar tijaarat ki niyat se khareeda gaya ho toh unki zakaat dusre saamaan e tijaarat ki tarah nikaali jaayegi,
chunanche unki qeemat ka aitbaar hoga na ki tadaad ka,
maweshion ke nisaab ki deegar tafseel hadith aur fiqh ki kitabon me dekhi ja sakti hain…..
ZAMEENI PAIDAWAAR (AGRICULTURAL):
Farmaan e ilaahi hai:
” aiy imaan walon ! Apni pakeezah kamaayi mese, aur ham ne tumhare liye zameen se jin cheezon ko nikaala hai, unme kharch karo”
(surah baqarah 267)
is aayat se saabit huwa ke zameeni paidawaar maslan gehun, jau, chaawal, khajoor, angoor, aur zaitoon wagerah par zakaat farz hai, aur is baat par poori ummat ka ijma hai…
ZAMEENI PAIDAWAAR KA NISAAB E ZAKAAT:
Farmaan e
rasoollullah sallalaho alaihi Wasallam(pbuh) hai:-” 5 wasq se kam me zakaat nahi”
(mutaffiq alaih)
5 wask ki miqdaar maujoodah hisaab ke aitbaar se 683 kgs hai, is tarah zameeni paidawaar agar mazkoorah wazan se kam ho to zakaat farz nahi hogi….
ZAMEENI PAIDAWAAR KA KITNA HISSA ZAKAAT ME DIYA JAAYE:
Farmaan e rasoollullah sallalaho alaihi wasallam(pbuh) hai:-” jis ko baarish(rain) aur chasmon(wells,lakes,river etc) ke paani se seeraab(irrigate) kiya ho ya wah khud ba khud zameeni paani se seeraab huwa ho, usme 10wa hissa hai, aur jisko aalaat(machinery, instrument) ke zariye ya mahnat se seeraab kiya gaya ho to usme 20wa hissa hai”
(bukhari)
is hadith se saabit huwa ke jo paidawaar baarishi paani ya naheri paani ya chasmo ke paani se haasil hui ho, uska 10wa hissa aur jise musibaton(difficulties) ke zariye seeraab karke haasil kiya gaya ho, uska 20wa hissa ba’taur zakaat ada karna chahiye…
MASLA-1
Zameeni paidawaar Par saal guzarna zaroori nahin, balke wah jaise hi haasil hogi, uski zakaat fauran ada karni hogi,
farman e ilaahi hai:
” uska haq uski kataayi ke din ada karo”
(surah anaam 141)
MASLA-2
Taaza istemaal hone waale phoolon(flowers) aur sabzion par zakaat nahi hai, albatta unki tijaarat ki jaaye,
tijaarat ki soorat me unki qeemat agar nisaab e zakaat pahunch jaaye aur wah saal bhar uske paas rahe to uska 2.5% ada karna hoga…
Source:islamicleaks.com
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